REFRACTIVE CONDITIONS: HYPEROPIA Definition: Inability to focus on objects at near – farsightedness Hyperopia, simply put, means the patient cannot focus on things up close. They are farsighted. This happens when the light entering the eye focuses behind the retina, as seen in the picture below. Unlike myopia in which there is too much curvature in the cornea, with hyperopia there is less curvature. This causes blur to happen at near distances. Having a large amount of blur can lead to strabismus or amblyopia as well. Many patients will need reading glasses or a bifocal in order to help them see things up close. A patient with hyperopia will have difficulty with up close work such as computer tasks or reading. The inability to focus properly can cause loss of place and reduced comprehension in what is being read. Hyperopia can be hereditary, can be a result of certain environmental factors, or can be a result of poor development. Vision therapy will not be a cure for hyperopia but will help the patient learn how to properly focus and may also have a reduction in prescription as a result of therapy. Symptoms of Hyperopia:
As with myopia, a patient with hyperopia struggles with flexibility of their accommodative system. In review, our accommodative abilities help with focusing from near to far and vice versa. Patients with hyperopia who have developed strabismus or amblyopia as a result, will also struggle with binocular dysfunction. These binocular dysfunctions will be discussed in detail at a later time. In therapy, one type of activity that would be performed would aid in strengthening accommodative abilities. One example of this type of activity would be Hart Chart Near Far Rock. Below you will find the instructions for this activity per OEPF. HART CHART NF (NEAR-FAR) ROCK PURPOSE: To provide the patient with the opportunity to have the necessary meaningful experience to shift the area in space from which the person will derive meaning from along the Z axis, expanding the range as well as the efficiency and accuracy of the shifts.
Please discuss your definition of hyperopia and its causes. Give an example of an activity that can be performed to help a patient with hyperopia. Please be as descriptive as possible for the benefit of the group. Also, feel free to share any resources you may have that you think would be helpful.
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This article is from the Journal of Behavioral Optometry and discusses the possibility that refractive errors may be the outcome of stress adaptive responses. Thought it might make a good addition to the otherwise often dry study of refractive errors. Click on the link below to go directly to the .pdf.
Hello everyone. I came across this study question sheet in some of my old documents and thought it would be good to share with the group. I am not sure of the source - it is quite old as it refers to COVTT instead of COVT which is the older acronym for therapist certification through COVD.
COVTT Study Guide Questions 1. Give an example of a vision therapy procedure that holds convergence constant and changes accommodation. 2. Give an example of a vision therapy technique that holds accommodation constant and changes convergence demands. 3. If a patient is having difficulty fusion the double window aperture rule what lens would help? 4. If a patient was having trouble doing the Eccentric Wall Circles, what lens would help? Why? 5. If a patient was wearing BO and was asked to quickly touch a bead on the Brock String, where would you predict his finger would land and why? If he did not, why not? 6. When a patient reports SOLI, what are some techniques to help him achieve SILO? 7. Patient has red lens over right eye, green over left. Target has red outline to right, green to left. Is this chiastopic (crossed) or orthopic (uncrossed) fusion? 8. If the patient is at 18 inches from the above target, would you add plus or minus to stress the system? Why? 9. Where would you expect her/him to locate the target? What size change from the original targets would they report if they had SILO? 10. Switch the filters on the above patient and repeat the question. 11.Bright lights and/or fluorescents will damage polarized slides and goggles? T or F 12. Colored filters and septums are dissociative instruments? T or F 13. A patient who reports seeing both the L and the R on the vectographic slides must be at the highest level of binocularity? T or F 14. Diplopia awareness techniques are appropriate in cases of AC? T or F 15. Describe the difference between MFBF and biocular activities. 16. What is a determining factor in anti-suppression techniques for an esotrope vs. an exotrope? 17. List three MFBF activities. 18. How do you know whether to put the red lens or green lens over the normally fixating eye during an anaglyphic procedure? 19. What is the key difference between simultaneous perception and superimposition? 20. Which testing procedure is the most unnatural in its visual demand? A. Vectograms B. Stereopscope C. Maddox Rod D. Bagolini (striated) lens 21. Which of the following are factors in utilizing anti-suppression training? A. Target movement B. Brightness C. Intermittent stimuli D. Target size E. All of the above F. A,B,D only 22. Which of the following is not a reliable tool in and of itself in monitoring suppression? A. “Beak” B. Binasal occluder C. Loose prism 23. Anaglyphic targets are an example of what degree of fusion? 24. How could you vary an Aperture Rule procedure so that you would efficiently be training in both base-out and base-in directions? 25. How can you check that your young, anxious to please patient is fusing when he says he is? 26. How can you help your patient perceive the fused targets location in space? 27. What might the therapist suggest to the patient if there is noticeable head movement when tracking a pursuit? 28. What might the therapist suggest to the patient who is trying to achieve SILO on the Vectogram? 29. Would amblyopia more likely be present in an esotrope or an exotrope? Why? 30.Define amblyopia and discuss its cause. 31. How does one test for amblyopia? 32. What are some types of amblyopia? 33. What are the symptoms? 34. Define Eccentric Fixation and describe techniques used in its treatment. 35. Define anisometropia. 36. What is the relationship of hand-eye activities to amblyopia? 37. Describe hand-eye activities used in the treatment of amblyopia and discuss how to increase or decrease the demand. 38. Discuss pleoptics, “tagging the macula” and the role of ocular motor accuracy in amblyopia. 39. Describe afterimage transfer and its use. When is it contraindicated? 40. Describe how the Haidinger Brush (MIT) is used in amblyopia training. 41. Describe the use of the TBI or ABE. 42. When is a PLUS lens prescribed in amblyopia? 43. Describe various MFBF activities their purpose and appropriate use. 44. In treating amblyopia with eccentric fixation eye-hand activities are seldom used? T or F 45. An infant with significant anisometropia, such that one eye is more hyperopic than the other is more likely to have amblyopia than if he was a myopic anisometrope. T or F 46. Eccentric fixation can be demonstrated with the Haidinger Brush. T or F 47. Describe the Hering-Bielschowsky test. How would eccentric fixation affect your findings? 48. How would you use the MIT to train NC? 49. What techniques would you use with a patient who is not aware of his body schema? 50. If a child holds fixation better when asked to touch, what does this tell the therapist about him? How would you move him to visual tracking free from tactile support? 51. Name some visual-tactile techniques. 52. How would you use parquetry blocks to teach form perception? 53. Give a home therapy technique to enhance form constancy. 54. How could the tachistoscope be used to teach visual closure? Hello everyone. Just a quick post to let you know that I am still here and working on content for future posts. If you have not done so already please peruse the most recent post on Myopia and post your answer to the assignment in the comments section below the post.
I wanted to remind you all that there are a great variety of study resources available on the internet now one of which is Quizlet where you can make your own flashcards good for studying for your MCE's or you can view sets of cards made by other people and shared publicly . I am posting a link below to card sets dealing with VT and encourage you to take a look through them to see if anything speaks to you. Enjoy! https://quizlet.com/subject/vision-therapy/ |
VT Study GroupThis group is public and open to anyone that would like to participate. I encourage everyone to comment with your answers to each assignment at the bottom of each post so that the group may benefit as a whole. If you are currently in the process of certification please inform your mentor that you have joined a study group and share the link with them- I do not want to leave anyone out of the loop. Archives
November 2017
COVD Certification Guide |